New York State Bar Association

Committee on Children and the Law

New York, NY · January 29, 2010

BRIEF WRITING

By Cynthia Feathers, Esq.

Saratoga Springs, NY

_____________________________________________________

 

 

I.       Before Writing the Brief


          A.      Review and digest the record.

          B.      Identify viable issues.

                    1.  Not based on matters outside the record.

                   2.  Based on the sufficiency or insufficiency of evidence.                              

3.  Errors preserved by objections or arguments.

                   4.  Errors affecting a substantial right of a party.

          C.      Outline key facts to include in the Statement of Facts.

          D.      Do thorough legal research.

                   1.  Expand on what was done in the court below.

                   2.  Read cases cited in trial memoranda and decisions.     

                   3.  Review statutes, Practice Commentaries, and treatises.

                   4.  Find controlling authority.

                   5.  Identify critical analogous and distinguishable cases.

                   6.  Outline key law and shepardize all cases. 

 

II.      Statement of Facts

 

          A.      Often the most important section of the brief.

          B.      Do not write this section until you have chosen your issues.

          C.      Present only facts that give context or support your argument.

          D.      Provide a cite to the record for every statement.

          E.      Have a strategy to shape facts chronologically or thematically. 

          F.      Emphasize favorable facts and deemphasize unfavorable ones.

          G.      Label the parties simply and consistently.

         

 

 

 

 

 

III.    Argument

 

          A.      Only include strong points.

          B.      Usually start with the strongest point.

          C.      Include five sections:

                   1.  Introduction summarizing the argument and relief sought.                                   

2.  Controlling authority as to standards and substantive law.

                   3.  Critical analogous cases.

                   4.  Critical distinguishable cases.

                   5.  Conclusion including policy arguments.   

          D.     Sparingly use string cites, block quotes, and repeated facts.

          E.     Do not add any new facts.

         

IV.     Editing

 

          A.      Add other sections:

                   1.  Preliminary Statement.

                   2.  Questions Presented.

                   3.  Summary of Argument.

                   4.  Conclusion.

                   5.  Cover, Table of Contents, and Table of Authorities.

          B.      Set brief aside to achieve a fresh view for editing.

          C.      Tighten and shorten the brief.

          D.      Add subheads and topic sentences to guide the reader.

          E.      Break up long paragraphs and sentences.

          F.      Use plain language, the active voice, and a dignified tone.

          G.      Ensure that the brief is accurate, cogent, and compelling.

          H.      Conform the brief to Court rules.

          I.       Consider using Times Roman 14-point type.

          J.       Ask someone else to proofread your brief.

 

V.      Respondents’ and Reply Briefs

 

          A.      Respondents’ briefs should stand alone.

          B.      Reframe the issues and make an affirmative statement.               

C.      Consider advancing an alternate ground for affirmance.

          D.      Review appellant’s cites and distinguish ones that matter.

          E.      Reply briefs do not repeat appellant’s main brief, but should:

                   1. Pithily respond to objectionable points in respondent’s brief.

                   2. Help sharpen the debate for oral argument.  

 

 

 

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Last updated January 12, 2010

 

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